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61 Basisrate
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62 Einheitsrente
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63 базисная цена
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64 ἐρυθρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `red' (Il.).Compounds: E.g. ἐρυθρό-πους `with red feet' bird-name (Ar.); ἐξ-έρυθρος `reddish' as sign of illness (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 67f.), λευκ-έρυθρος `white-red, flat-red' (Arist.; Risch IF 59, 60).Derivatives: ἐρυθρίας m. "the red", surname after the red colour (Arist.; cf. ὠχρίας etc. and Chantraine Formation 93, Schwyzer-Debrunner 18); ἐρυθρῖνος, also with dissimilation (or after ἐρυθαίνομαι, s. below) ἐρυθῖνος name of a fish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 21); Έρυθῖνοι pl. name of a town (Β 855; cf. Έρυθραί below); ἐρυθρόδανον, - ος plant (Dsc.), also ἐρευθέδανον, s. ἐρεύθω; ἐρυθραῖος = ἐρυθρός (D. P.); ἐρυθρότης `red colour' (Gal.). - Pl. f. Έρυθραί torn in Ionia (Hdt.; from the Trachyt-rocks) with Έρυθραϊκὸν σατύριον plant-name (Dsc., Plin.), also ἐρυθρόνιον (Ps.-Dsc.; after Ίόνιον and other nouns in - όνιον); Έρυθραϊκός also from ἡ Έρυθρά ( θάλασσα; adjunct of κυβερήτης, inscr. Ip). - Denomin. verbs ἐρυθριάω `become red' (Att.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω; Schwyzer 732) with ἐρυθρίασις, - ησις (Hp., H.); ἐρυθραίνομαι, -ω `become, make red' (X.). - Also ἐρυθαίνομαι, -ω, aor. ἐρύθηνα `id.' (Il.) with ἐρύθημα `becoming red, redness' (Hp., Th.); s. below.Etymology: Old adjective: Lat. rŭber, R.-CSl. rьdьrъ (s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. rëdryĭ), Toch. A. rtär, B. rätre, Skt. rudhirá- (reshaped after rudhi- in rudhikrā́- name of a demon); OWNo. rođra f. `blood'. - Othe languages have a diff. stem. OWNo. rjōđr, OE rēod have against most Germanic forms (s. below) the same vowel as the verbs rjōđa, resp. rēodan (= ἐρεύθω, s. v.) and may therefore be secondary; a basic form IE *h₁reudhós agrees with λευκός (beside λεύσσω). An old eu can also be found in Lith. raũdas, Lat. (dial.) rūfus, rōbus, Celt., e. g. OIr. rūad, Skt. lohá- `reddish' m. n. `red metall, copper, iron'. The forms mentioned may also continue IE * h₁roudhos, which is seen in most Germanic forms, Goth. rauÞs, ONo. rauđr, OE rēad, OHG rōt. - (The old denomin. ἐρυθαίνομαι points together with ἐρυθρός to an orig. r-n-stem * rudh-r-, * rudh-n-). There existed perhaps a neutral s-stem *h₁réudhos (= ἔρευθος), and a verb *h₁réudhō (= ἐρεύθω).; the o-stem had o-vocalism in * h₁roudhos. See Pok. 872f., W.-Hofmann s. ruber, Ernout-Meillet s. rubeō; and Porzig Gliederung 194f., Schwentner KZ 73, 110ff. - S. also ἐρεύθω but ἐρυσίβη.Page in Frisk: 1,567-568Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρυθρός
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65 Johnson, Eldridge Reeves
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 18 February 1867 Wilmington, Delaware, USAd. 14 November 1945 Moorestown, New Jersey, USA[br]American industrialist, founder and owner of the Victor Talking Machine Company; developer of many basic constructions in mechanical sound recording and the reproduction and manufacture of gramophone records.[br]He graduated from the Dover Academy (Delaware) in 1882 and was apprenticed in a machine-repair firm in Philadelphia and studied in evening classes at the Spring Garden Institute. In 1888 he took employment in a small Philadelphia machine shop owned by Andrew Scull, specializing in repair and bookbinding machinery. After travels in the western part of the US, in 1891 he became a partner in Scull \& Johnson, Manufacturing Machinists, and established a further company, the New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine Company. He bought out Andrew Scull's interest in October 1894 (the last instalment being paid in 1897) and became an independent general machinist. In 1896 he had perfected a spring motor for the Berliner flat-disc gramophone, and he started experimenting with a more direct method of recording in a spiral groove: that of cutting in wax. Co-operation with Berliner eventually led to the incorporation of the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901. The innumerable court cases stemming from the fact that so many patents for various elements in sound recording and reproduction were in very many hands were brought to an end in 1903 when Johnson was material in establishing cross-licencing agreements between Victor, Columbia Graphophone and Edison to create what is known as a patent pool. Early on, Johnson had a thorough experience in all matters concerning the development and manufacture of both gramophones and records. He made and patented many major contributions in all these fields, and his approach was very business-like in that the contribution to cost of each part or process was always a decisive factor in his designs. This attitude was material in his consulting work for the sister company, the Gramophone Company, in London before it set up its own factories in 1910. He had quickly learned the advantages of advertising and of providing customers with durable equipment and records. This motivation was so strong that Johnson set up a research programme for determining the cause of wear in records. It turned out to depend on groove profile, and from 1911 one particular profile was adhered to and processes for transforming the grooves of valuable earlier records were developed. Without precise measuring instruments, he used the durability as the determining factor. Johnson withdrew more and more to the role of manager, and the Victor Talking Machine Company gained such a position in the market that the US anti-trust legislation was used against it. However, a generation change in the Board of Directors and certain erroneous decisions as to product line started a decline, and in February 1926 Johnson withdrew on extended sick leave: these changes led to the eventual sale of Victor. However, Victor survived due to the advent of radio and the electrification of replay equipment and became a part of Radio Corporation of America. In retirement Johnson took up various activities in the arts and sciences and financially supported several projects; his private yacht was used in 1933 in work with the Smithsonian Institution on a deep-sea hydrographie and fauna-collecting expedition near Puerto Rico.[br]BibliographyJohnson's patents were many, and some were fundamental to the development of the gramophone, such as: US patent no. 650,843 (in particular a recording lathe); US patent nos. 655,556, 655,556 and 679,896 (soundboxes); US patent no. 681,918 (making the original conductive for electroplating); US patent no. 739,318 (shellac record with paper label).Further ReadingMrs E.R.Johnson, 1913, "Eldridge Reeves Johnson (1867–1945): Industrial pioneer", manuscript (an account of his early experience).E.Hutto, Jr, "Emile Berliner, Eldridge Johnson, and the Victor Talking Machine Company", Journal of AES 25(10/11):666–73 (a good but brief account based on company information).E.R.Fenimore Johnson, 1974, His Master's Voice was Eldridge R.Johnson, Milford, Del.(a very personal biography by his only son).GB-NBiographical history of technology > Johnson, Eldridge Reeves
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66 характеристика
характеристика сущperformanceакустическая характеристикаacoustic propertyакустическая характеристика двигателяengine acoustic performanceантидетонационная характеристикаantiknock ratingаэродинамическая характеристика1. aerodynamic performance2. aerodynamic characteristic 3. aerodynamic property аэродинамические характеристикиaerodynamic behaviorаэроупругая характеристикаaeroelastic characteristicбалансировочная характеристикаtrim characteristicвзлетная характеристика1. takeoff ability2. takeoff performance взлетно-посадочные характеристикиtake-off and landing characteristicsвибрационная характеристикаvibration characteristicвлиять на летные характеристикиeffect on flight characteristicsвысотная характеристикаaltitude performanceвысотно-скоростная характеристикаaltitude-airspeed performanceвысотные характеристики двигателяengine altitude performancesдиапазон полетных характеристикflight-perfomance rangeдренажные характеристикиdrainage characteristicsдроссельная характеристика1. throttle performance2. throttle characteristic 3. thrust curve задавать характеристикиschedule the performancesинформация о летно-технических характеристикахperformance informationкоординаты характеристикиdata on the performanceлетная характеристика1. flight performance2. flying property летно-технические характеристики1. performance codes2. aircraft performance characteristics летно-технические характеристики воздушного суднаaircraft performancesлетные характеристикиflight characteristicsметод проверки характеристикperfomance check methodнавигационная характеристикаnavigation performanceобобщенные характеристики по шумуgeneralized noise characteristicsограничение характеристикperfomance limitationосновные характеристикиbasic characteristicsотрицательно влиять на характеристикиadversely affect performancesоценка летных характеристикperformance evaluationпадающая характеристикаfalling responseподвергать сомнению соответствие характеристик нормам летной годностиreflect on airworthinessполет для проверки летных характеристикperformance flightпологая характеристикаflat responseпомпажная характеристикаsurge characteristicпосадочная характеристикаlanding performanceпосадочные характеристикиlanding characteristicsПостоянный комитет по летно-техническим характеристикамStanding Committee of Performanceпротивоштопорные характеристикиspin-recovery characteristicsрабочая характеристикаoperating characteristicрасчетная характеристикаdesign characteristicскоростная характеристика1. thrust versus speed curve2. speed ability снижение характеристикperformance lossснимать характеристики1. take characteristics2. check performances стендовая характеристикаinstallation featuresтехнические характеристики зональной навигацииarea navigation capabilityтормозная характеристика воздушного судна1. aircraft braking performance2. aircraft stopping performance требования к эксплуатационным характеристикамoperating performance requirementsтяговая характеристикаthrust characteristicтяговые характеристикиpropulsion performance characteristicsусталостная характеристикаfatigue propertyустанавливать характеристикиestablish the characteristicsустановленные характеристикиspecified characteristicsуточнение летно-технических характеристикperfomance correctionухудшение характеристикdeterioration in performanceхарактеристика в зоне ожиданияholding performanceхарактеристика ВППrunway performanceхарактеристика выдерживания высотыheight-keeping performanceхарактеристика затуханияdecay characteristicхарактеристика излучения звукаsound emission characteristicхарактеристика набора высоты при полете по маршрутуen-route climb performanceхарактеристика планированияgliding performanceхарактеристика по наддувуmanifold pressure characteristicхарактеристика поперечной устойчивостиlateral characteristicхарактеристика процесса горенияcombustion characteristicхарактеристика прочности материалаmaterial strength propertyхарактеристика путевой устойчивостиdirectional stability characteristicхарактеристика расходаflow characteristicхарактеристика расхода воздухаair flow characteristicхарактеристика рентабельностиbreak-even pointхарактеристика сваливанияstall characteristicхарактеристика спектраspectral characteristicхарактеристика сцепления поверхности ВППrunway friction characteristicхарактеристика топливаfuel propertyхарактеристика управляемости1. control characteristic2. handling characteristic характеристика устойчивостиstability characteristicхарактеристика холостого ходаno-load characteristicхарактеристика чувствительности к звуковому давлениюpressure response characteristicхарактеристики авторотацииwindmilling performanceхарактеристики двигателяengine performancesхарактеристики короткого летного поляshort-field performancesхарактеристики наведения по линии путиtrack-defining characteristicsхарактеристики на разворотахturn characteristicsхарактеристики нарастанияonset characteristicsхарактеристики по шумуnoise characteristicsхарактеристики приемаacceleration characteristicхарактеристики скороподъемностиclimb performancesхарактеристики уровня безопасностиsafe featuresхарактеристики, установленные техническим заданиемscheduled performancesчастотная характеристикаfrequency responseэксплуатационная характеристикаoperating performance
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